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, V) w& a8 |9 v( [" O$ n+ x公仔箱論壇People have become significant earth movers, outpacing all sources of natural erosion. More and more TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。" ]1 [  e$ b) v
of our footprint can be seen from space in many forms, including cities, reservoirs,agriculture and tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb+ T3 K( ~0 q2 |# |- y) L3 z; j
deforestation. Among the most impressive human scars on the planet are open-pit mines.公仔箱論壇; }9 a( c7 I8 `# X# M
We’ve gathered some of the biggest, most spectacular and interesting mines, as captured by TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。8 w$ @. P6 h& \0 {. r  t, v" P
astronauts and satellites on the following pages.
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( ?6 M' W3 ^: f$ L  e5 a公仔箱論壇Above: Berkeley Pit, Butte, Montana* P1 P6 d+ ]+ ?
This former copper mine operated between 1955 and 1982. Gold and silver were also mined. : f, G* K  u' J' Z- A" x0 d
An elaborate system of pumps and drains kept the local water level low enough for mining.
  c7 v; Q  g5 r7 k2 @. |Today, the 1,780 foot-deep pit is filled with around 900 feet of very contaminated water filledTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。8 t# ~# Z, W% M5 n% M, Q
with metals and chemicals such as arsenic, cadmium, pyrite, zinc,copper and sulfuric acid. The
0 M8 h: k7 G9 Z, p公仔箱論壇water can be as acidic as battery acid,and copper can actually be “mined” directly from the water.3 s, y  W8 I" j0 w$ C1 y: ]
Currently, the 1-mile-by-0.5-mile pit is listed as a federal Superfund site with the potential to
  o! z* M) J& m4 V6 u公仔箱論壇contaminate surrounding ground water, and,surprisingly, is also a tourist attraction, complete
4 z0 `5 x" s8 r' n; H6 b公仔箱論壇with gift shop and$2 admission fee.
8 G# u! f! q) j1 G, f( A2 hThis photograph was taken Aug. 2, 2006, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station.www.tvboxnow.com6 ]8 J6 c$ z% N; V1 U6 }! O! K
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& q) B* g. {$ g( P# q8 ltvb now,tvbnow,bttvbEscondida Mine, ChileTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。3 e  |. `$ z. V; L0 ]1 U. t1 {* G
The Escondida mine, opened in 1990 at 10,000 feet in northern Chile’s Atacama desert, currently produces
8 {# a2 \2 }3 q4 A4 `3 B, {TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。more copper than any other mine in the world, with 1.5 million tons in 2007, worth more than $10 billion and
8 S2 L% Q$ k$ M1 @3 n7 Wtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbrepresenting nearly a tenth of world copper production. More than 6,000 people work at the mine.
9 u$ T6 H2 Z- Y* ]7 S公仔箱論壇This image was captured in 2000 by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer 公仔箱論壇' {  S" u: i( _
aboard NASA’s Terra satellite.3 Q& R3 l) t6 e; I1 {6 x! U8 d/ h
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( g9 u5 X2 _, P7 q- Ytvb now,tvbnow,bttvbBingham Canyon Mine, Utah
1 c7 j- C' Z( i- _/ f% ?TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Located 20 miles outside Salt Lake City in the Oquirrh Mountains, the Bingham Canyon copper pit has produced 公仔箱論壇3 w' q% [  r  x5 v
more than 18million tons of copper over its lifetime, more than any other mine in the world. The pit is about 2.75 & e7 U* H  x; ]
miles wide and 4,000 feet deep. Two Empire State buildings stacked one on top of the the other wouldn’t reach
7 w. ]0 @& O6 t! Gthe top. By 2015, the mine will be 500 feet deeper, and a third Empire State building will fit inside. The terraces ( n, E, r$ l! |. g' X+ n% Q
inside the pit,which provide a base for the digging equipment and also stabilize the slopes, can be more than 80
0 k  m, ^6 `: r0 R* x1 v" _feet high. Opened in 1904, the site has been named a historic landmark.www.tvboxnow.com/ D' D' T6 J9 A- k% W- \0 ^$ K
This photograph was taken Sept. 20, 2007, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station with a digital
7 y" u  N8 Y1 @! N% R% }camera and an 800mm lens.
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8 e. H" ?, D& Ytvb now,tvbnow,bttvbTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。' S7 [8 _( a1 t& Q2 N: C
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Yuba River Goldfields, California.
+ ^% l0 \+ v+ _TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。The Yuba Goldfields are a strange culmination of years of pressure-jet mining for gold upstream in the Sierra Nevada, TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。& L, w" x) W6 `6 a
dredging the tailings out of the river, and mining the tailings for gold and then later for gravel. The result is an odd 5 M4 l/ ^0 G' z4 {
landscape of reddish-brown and gray hills of gravel with water-filled ravines in between.公仔箱論壇2 O7 I6 h( |6 C# e. }1 ^
Shortly after gold was discovered in the Sierra Nevadain 1848, panning gave way to highly destructive hydraulic
) `/ U$ c% O; E- x( Ttvb now,tvbnow,bttvbmining, which involves blasting sediment away with high-powered jets of water. Gold was extracted from the gravel, TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。6 k/ C9 l- C# U7 V8 G% r8 R
which was then dumped and carried downstream by rivers into the Sacramento Valley. The Yuba River ended up with / Y6 H. `8 ^, E
685 million cubic feet of the mine waste, which raised the level of the river, overflowed the banks and buried farms.
$ ^8 n7 `8 D+ C% o6 H3 [# }6 mwww.tvboxnow.comDredging of the Yuba began in 1893, and soon after,mining companies began to sift and re sift through the debris to 9 `! |/ Q' a6 f% f! ?7 f2 M" M& f
extract ever-smaller bits of gold. By 1970, all economically feasible gold removal had been completed, and mining of the
  x, U* z. `: p& D& g: hgravel for concrete began. Today, ownership of the land is disputed among mining companies, private owners and the government.公仔箱論壇# u/ H' w( P; d4 v. `7 K- T' o4 V8 W
This image was taken by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra satellite Aug. 29, 2001.
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TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。5 X5 m9 v+ G1 j

' c/ {- b0 {- d7 ctvb now,tvbnow,bttvbToquepala Copper Mine, Peru
7 R: |$ _- ?! U( B) VTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Located in the Andes Mountains in southern Peru, the Toquepala mine is 1.5 miles wide and 2,300 feet deep.
$ R) |" s- h* C# o6 S5 M+ p5 ^The mine’s main output is copper, but it also produces gold, silver and molybdenum. The railroad that was
, C/ L" ]3 @& J+ b9 y: tconstructed to carry the ore 60 miles to the coast can be seen winding down a canyon left of the center, . J6 G: g7 P- g% U9 k/ l
heading southwest from the mine. This image was captured by astronauts aboard the International Space 公仔箱論壇6 r5 A2 ~# z) P2 Y2 v
Station on Sept. 22, 2003.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb5 z7 C& c: Y6 C9 c  A2 e

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) u' H. n, ~2 P$ e5 p( NFreeport Mine, Indonesia
6 x. s2 |7 X' ^  M( X. j% ?TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。The Freeport Mine, also known as the Grasberg complex,is a huge mining operation in Indonesia’s Sudirman
5 h1 v$ R: U6 ^0 gtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbMountains. Copper was discovered here in 1936, and gold was first found in 1988. Today,the mine is one of
1 |& r; c1 o$ O: Ptvb now,tvbnow,bttvbthe largest gold- and copper-extraction operations in the world. The open pit is 2.5 miles wide, and there is TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。! x0 a, o  |. x  m1 M
extensive underground mining in the area as well. Glaciers are also visible in the image.- F( y/ l9 M! w; j; Y+ A- C
This photograph was taken June 25, 2005, by astronauts on the International Space Station.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。  n) L6 @* M7 i

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3 z( u3 E# Z8 A; s/ f" P. f! v. H$ k公仔箱論壇Cananea Mine, Mexico公仔箱論壇' A$ e6 `6 T0 Y/ v& A2 f# h* [
The Cananea mine is located 25 miles south of the United States border in Sonora, Mexico. The active Colorada
2 R& [. i: ?  R3 t( I) GTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Pit in the upper right is 1.6 miles across. It is one of the largest copper producers in the world and also contains www.tvboxnow.com8 \) |3 [& j8 J& U. s
gold. Those two metals are often found together where hot magma forced its way up into the overlying bedrock. 5 s% w5 J! S4 c$ b
The magma crystallized there while hot fluids circulated through it and into fractures in the surrounding rock,altering TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。4 S1 ]9 P' b: _6 V' _0 M
the rock to produce copper-rich minerals and gold.
0 F+ m2 e) c6 j  }% f* O& M; m/ ]www.tvboxnow.comA 1906 miner’s strike at Cananea turned violent and resulted in 19 deaths, contributing to events that led to the
6 O$ p" q3 D6 J& V- x" `6 [1 HMexican Revolution in 1910. Another strike stopped work at the mine in 2007.
9 Z2 ?0 ]4 t! F* Q公仔箱論壇This image was taken by astronauts aboard the International Space Station on March 3, 2008.
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Phosphate Mines, Jordan
5 V5 v8 I. N2 z* R2 V. u0 B6 nPhosphate mining is an important industry in Jordan,which has abundant deposits of the mineral on approximately 60 TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。( `/ R! p, M# x/ c; w2 }" w
percent of its territory. Phosphorus is essential to living things, and food can’t be produced without it. Some scientists
3 R7 z* O. ?% d& zwww.tvboxnow.comfear a shortage of this critical resource is impending and have predicted the world will reach “Peak Phosphorus,” the
7 d0 y7 k5 {0 E/ ^  y公仔箱論壇point at which production will begin to decline, just 30 years from now. There is currently no synthetic alternative.
8 `+ D% F! S5 M, ~+ cTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。This image was capture by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra
. U7 D$ J6 @2 E" t$ @7 O7 f5 x4 _tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbsatellite Sept. 17, 2005. It is a false-color composite of visible and infrared images. Vegetation appears red, water is
7 h# s" ?7 N* X4 TTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。blue, and rock and soil can be anywhere from buff to black. The mining operation is the area just left of center in the TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。% C- o3 j& r. Q( |; X3 Z
lower part of the image that appears striped.
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" l! U* E1 ]' O3 P# J' v& B* |TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
' h4 m! v  h5 DTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。New Cornelia Mine, Arizona公仔箱論壇& w, ?( ~9 j% @& V- p0 N4 B
Copper was first mined from this area just south of the mining town of Ajo, Arizona, around 1750. The open-pit mine pictured
0 F  Y4 ^1 m  B2 Btvb now,tvbnow,bttvbabove began being excavated in earnest in 1912. It was shut down in 1983 when the price of copper dropped. The scalloped
' j8 @- r. _3 l2 C# ?. ]tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbland just to the right of the mine is covered in tailings, and the large gray rectangles above that are containment ponds where
( `& [  e% J: @- ^  c* H. O. B% qthe metal was extracted.& [+ _- f( i3 i" h& J  A1 v

( X1 f7 c- W7 I" I9 M/ Q公仔箱論壇
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Hambach Coal Mines, Germany( l- G3 ?  e) w7 e& F" n" e
The bright white-and-dark-blue–striped areas on the right side of this image are opencast coal mines in mid western Germany.
! V& u) c! C: C7 l& M, L公仔箱論壇One of the mines is currently being worked by the Bagger 293, the largest machine in the world.The bucket-wheel excavator
& [' H5 i: A5 C' Eis twice as long as a soccer field and a stall as a 30-story building, and digs up 30 million tons of lignite per year.
$ R9 e: o2 N, ?; h6 }9 kTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。This image, captured by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer aboard NASA’s Terra satellite
8 @" k5 A# |: y6 D. gAug. 26, 2000, is a simulated natural-color image. The bright-green rectangular patches are crops, the gray patches are 0 F6 i& C8 R4 x$ Q: }( e) t& [
bare ground, and the bluish-gray areas are towns.