TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。3 ~3 [( q. y5 G& ^, q$ m7 n  ^
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People have become significant earth movers, outpacing all sources of natural erosion. More and more 7 e6 M5 P  p7 D2 o* v6 y' A
of our footprint can be seen from space in many forms, including cities, reservoirs,agriculture and 0 j$ z8 C9 J: m* E1 p/ o  n
deforestation. Among the most impressive human scars on the planet are open-pit mines.
" O. Z8 W8 I  a2 x6 }www.tvboxnow.comWe’ve gathered some of the biggest, most spectacular and interesting mines, as captured by 公仔箱論壇& l; p6 _* v& V- g/ p8 ^. w, P4 Y
astronauts and satellites on the following pages.公仔箱論壇4 R: M0 d7 Z+ _

, T* r, R" u( C- gwww.tvboxnow.comAbove: Berkeley Pit, Butte, Montana公仔箱論壇0 z0 r5 b& X$ o# T) G* S  _$ n
This former copper mine operated between 1955 and 1982. Gold and silver were also mined.
% t8 `5 O% {! Dwww.tvboxnow.comAn elaborate system of pumps and drains kept the local water level low enough for mining. tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb6 b: k$ c, K9 M4 U- Z3 a/ m
Today, the 1,780 foot-deep pit is filled with around 900 feet of very contaminated water filledTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。7 @9 l7 r7 o/ A) b) q* J
with metals and chemicals such as arsenic, cadmium, pyrite, zinc,copper and sulfuric acid. The ! w+ |+ I) t4 m% K1 T
water can be as acidic as battery acid,and copper can actually be “mined” directly from the water.
8 I/ G+ j" {8 }' zwww.tvboxnow.comCurrently, the 1-mile-by-0.5-mile pit is listed as a federal Superfund site with the potential to
* r" D3 @5 ?3 I$ j/ n; t9 R; f公仔箱論壇contaminate surrounding ground water, and,surprisingly, is also a tourist attraction, complete TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。8 G5 n. I8 v  o! r3 s1 M
with gift shop and$2 admission fee.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb$ h$ H. D- i/ C; q
This photograph was taken Aug. 2, 2006, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station." d+ f' d( X8 q0 `# Q6 d; A

, `$ d8 O1 L0 wTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。公仔箱論壇& _+ Y  W3 t* Z1 a5 ^
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Escondida Mine, Chile
/ L' u" r! P8 ]# m& g& t2 R& S7 N9 M公仔箱論壇The Escondida mine, opened in 1990 at 10,000 feet in northern Chile’s Atacama desert, currently produces 9 z/ r0 q8 n8 a( T8 y5 h
more copper than any other mine in the world, with 1.5 million tons in 2007, worth more than $10 billion and
$ @+ D2 y+ q7 k5 ^; `公仔箱論壇representing nearly a tenth of world copper production. More than 6,000 people work at the mine.
* v2 N$ M! Q+ }1 t* k: |tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThis image was captured in 2000 by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer
$ X. u  k# N  o; d( q" a4 Mwww.tvboxnow.comaboard NASA’s Terra satellite.
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Bingham Canyon Mine, Utah5 Q# r+ N( f1 }; ?* E0 S5 X
Located 20 miles outside Salt Lake City in the Oquirrh Mountains, the Bingham Canyon copper pit has produced ) ?7 ^8 v  L: \& @; f- e6 E0 o
more than 18million tons of copper over its lifetime, more than any other mine in the world. The pit is about 2.75 ; o, l$ I1 q8 n% @
miles wide and 4,000 feet deep. Two Empire State buildings stacked one on top of the the other wouldn’t reach
: B* W" r2 K" W% a9 hthe top. By 2015, the mine will be 500 feet deeper, and a third Empire State building will fit inside. The terraces tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb. X, r: u2 \9 n0 k* R3 [
inside the pit,which provide a base for the digging equipment and also stabilize the slopes, can be more than 80
" W3 s, E6 S( ^tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbfeet high. Opened in 1904, the site has been named a historic landmark.
" A* w& @% v. @9 {  Y+ v8 N2 i) o7 Ctvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThis photograph was taken Sept. 20, 2007, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station with a digital www.tvboxnow.com3 g  p  F; V, d1 v0 _, m; C
camera and an 800mm lens.
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Yuba River Goldfields, California.www.tvboxnow.com3 p5 j2 s/ ~, X, [  b; l
The Yuba Goldfields are a strange culmination of years of pressure-jet mining for gold upstream in the Sierra Nevada, TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。$ ~$ e: A% `- w2 A- x
dredging the tailings out of the river, and mining the tailings for gold and then later for gravel. The result is an odd ! L: s) s6 M& z$ L# l  b$ Z
landscape of reddish-brown and gray hills of gravel with water-filled ravines in between.$ e. X8 S. {) p2 P7 g) W0 k* Q7 \
Shortly after gold was discovered in the Sierra Nevadain 1848, panning gave way to highly destructive hydraulic TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。- h; O, {6 \5 `7 R
mining, which involves blasting sediment away with high-powered jets of water. Gold was extracted from the gravel, , C8 @$ t2 B6 V/ A0 K0 G
which was then dumped and carried downstream by rivers into the Sacramento Valley. The Yuba River ended up with
  [1 Y* I& u. J. l+ p685 million cubic feet of the mine waste, which raised the level of the river, overflowed the banks and buried farms.
9 D1 ^& Q4 j3 U$ jDredging of the Yuba began in 1893, and soon after,mining companies began to sift and re sift through the debris to
* T5 Y. p  k. e) Yextract ever-smaller bits of gold. By 1970, all economically feasible gold removal had been completed, and mining of the 公仔箱論壇  i: s' P; ]) f$ U5 _, t) I
gravel for concrete began. Today, ownership of the land is disputed among mining companies, private owners and the government.
* K* w1 s7 ]' R; @: H' E4 n3 [; OThis image was taken by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra satellite Aug. 29, 2001.9 x9 ^* ~7 W7 j
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$ P; S$ V/ C" S1 C2 W; Ctvb now,tvbnow,bttvbToquepala Copper Mine, Peru
9 T/ ?- L9 f+ I8 _; N; rwww.tvboxnow.comLocated in the Andes Mountains in southern Peru, the Toquepala mine is 1.5 miles wide and 2,300 feet deep.
% v% r& z5 K* \4 e/ yThe mine’s main output is copper, but it also produces gold, silver and molybdenum. The railroad that was
' j( f5 F/ s8 _( P# }9 u# n' {constructed to carry the ore 60 miles to the coast can be seen winding down a canyon left of the center, 0 V1 l, w2 P$ H/ W
heading southwest from the mine. This image was captured by astronauts aboard the International Space
; ?. a6 T8 R2 J1 o公仔箱論壇Station on Sept. 22, 2003.% t  q5 |+ V0 Q, }. ?: W% R

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/ W( ^2 n3 A' Z7 c) R2 ~Freeport Mine, Indonesiatvb now,tvbnow,bttvb1 A  A7 U+ F4 [$ |
The Freeport Mine, also known as the Grasberg complex,is a huge mining operation in Indonesia’s Sudirman 4 h' a" ?! m: ?+ v
Mountains. Copper was discovered here in 1936, and gold was first found in 1988. Today,the mine is one of tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb% M7 ^$ q/ C' H2 D6 b  G
the largest gold- and copper-extraction operations in the world. The open pit is 2.5 miles wide, and there is
9 X9 u% a0 X7 E9 l) R. Gwww.tvboxnow.comextensive underground mining in the area as well. Glaciers are also visible in the image.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb1 D% q+ @& `7 M
This photograph was taken June 25, 2005, by astronauts on the International Space Station.1 g# \# f7 U* u$ ~! X4 \3 M- {

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TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。  }, k0 A, {8 X
Cananea Mine, Mexico
/ {2 E6 ^& H6 \4 ^- k+ ~# i0 k0 V2 F; oThe Cananea mine is located 25 miles south of the United States border in Sonora, Mexico. The active Colorada
+ o6 W4 w5 f8 m0 S) ?Pit in the upper right is 1.6 miles across. It is one of the largest copper producers in the world and also contains tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb- H; a4 u3 s: ~3 P0 b# s
gold. Those two metals are often found together where hot magma forced its way up into the overlying bedrock.
. E1 A4 I$ j  t7 f* j& o/ @0 xThe magma crystallized there while hot fluids circulated through it and into fractures in the surrounding rock,altering
0 R3 d- C) E# @tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbthe rock to produce copper-rich minerals and gold.$ N  ?0 m6 M3 ?( q8 [; r
A 1906 miner’s strike at Cananea turned violent and resulted in 19 deaths, contributing to events that led to the 1 c7 [! M0 b6 V" [  G$ b; a0 n
Mexican Revolution in 1910. Another strike stopped work at the mine in 2007.公仔箱論壇5 ?8 ?8 f9 O2 a/ J  f2 V$ c$ u! N& q' Q
This image was taken by astronauts aboard the International Space Station on March 3, 2008.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb8 p3 g! c& x' S! r" X( e1 m

' t9 P6 _& Z6 P公仔箱論壇TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。4 p! q" b9 O2 z4 w! J

6 _: E- ?7 n  i) mTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Phosphate Mines, JordanTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。9 j( {4 J" ]) e2 i7 n4 g2 C
Phosphate mining is an important industry in Jordan,which has abundant deposits of the mineral on approximately 60
4 T- ~1 z8 o2 `8 c8 _/ Xwww.tvboxnow.compercent of its territory. Phosphorus is essential to living things, and food can’t be produced without it. Some scientists tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb( u' s/ Q) ~. {. Q/ l
fear a shortage of this critical resource is impending and have predicted the world will reach “Peak Phosphorus,” the
! h+ H) ?. D/ ~; |, I; ^- E3 Twww.tvboxnow.compoint at which production will begin to decline, just 30 years from now. There is currently no synthetic alternative.
+ C0 P. z/ U9 ^% d  e, R7 d% xTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。This image was capture by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra 公仔箱論壇5 U2 f2 q. M6 B
satellite Sept. 17, 2005. It is a false-color composite of visible and infrared images. Vegetation appears red, water is
5 j. E: {9 {/ r# T0 H8 I* _7 pblue, and rock and soil can be anywhere from buff to black. The mining operation is the area just left of center in the
6 M2 ^2 v! g6 G9 ^- k$ f6 g公仔箱論壇lower part of the image that appears striped.. P9 H3 x$ |9 C( u( D( o

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; E- U' P+ o5 @) X0 B9 W6 |TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。" e3 v, H9 X# O. H* U
New Cornelia Mine, Arizona
1 z1 ?7 O0 }. G: R# Y* `www.tvboxnow.comCopper was first mined from this area just south of the mining town of Ajo, Arizona, around 1750. The open-pit mine pictured tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb) E/ g% [+ y9 Z1 s$ q  b1 g
above began being excavated in earnest in 1912. It was shut down in 1983 when the price of copper dropped. The scalloped
" Z; @: ]) v5 y5 w; X+ [7 HTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。land just to the right of the mine is covered in tailings, and the large gray rectangles above that are containment ponds where tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb# h) i8 _& x) m, A" i; d& R
the metal was extracted.
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% z3 T; l. ~7 I0 T- aTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。公仔箱論壇! o; l; |( w, F6 X% r% g$ L; P9 d3 I
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Hambach Coal Mines, GermanyTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。, z1 C5 U. L/ n! r- y+ }% m
The bright white-and-dark-blue–striped areas on the right side of this image are opencast coal mines in mid western Germany.
' g8 M: y* a, O* E: ^www.tvboxnow.comOne of the mines is currently being worked by the Bagger 293, the largest machine in the world.The bucket-wheel excavator
2 \) v5 V# Z' p- W% e. cwww.tvboxnow.comis twice as long as a soccer field and a stall as a 30-story building, and digs up 30 million tons of lignite per year.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。5 R8 f0 v2 z8 j' C% \6 C& U; j
This image, captured by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer aboard NASA’s Terra satellite & H, z! ]- n, j5 k6 k
Aug. 26, 2000, is a simulated natural-color image. The bright-green rectangular patches are crops, the gray patches are
% o0 s. v9 T( O  b' u- j0 T% u9 cbare ground, and the bluish-gray areas are towns.