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( ]. d- C7 @. t" y公仔箱論壇People have become significant earth movers, outpacing all sources of natural erosion. More and more www.tvboxnow.com  I" k' M6 j! d, \
of our footprint can be seen from space in many forms, including cities, reservoirs,agriculture and 6 F7 m, h: W. \+ b! y
deforestation. Among the most impressive human scars on the planet are open-pit mines.
$ p- `3 a" F5 F; OTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。We’ve gathered some of the biggest, most spectacular and interesting mines, as captured by TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。. W' U, z3 p' P# p# e* \
astronauts and satellites on the following pages.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。9 ^2 }* z- d9 S

: o6 q! }/ ^2 U# k2 h" g7 Q$ ~Above: Berkeley Pit, Butte, Montana
; `$ ^( H& }0 f+ Ywww.tvboxnow.comThis former copper mine operated between 1955 and 1982. Gold and silver were also mined.
8 z4 @" y% ]5 J8 [& f0 vwww.tvboxnow.comAn elaborate system of pumps and drains kept the local water level low enough for mining. + }9 C1 a- x: p: F* i  p& R) Y7 q
Today, the 1,780 foot-deep pit is filled with around 900 feet of very contaminated water filled
2 k3 c3 l0 `, M4 t' kTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。with metals and chemicals such as arsenic, cadmium, pyrite, zinc,copper and sulfuric acid. The
! [( S4 [* i$ D( H( Ptvb now,tvbnow,bttvbwater can be as acidic as battery acid,and copper can actually be “mined” directly from the water.www.tvboxnow.com$ ?+ d7 t0 ~% N) B/ W
Currently, the 1-mile-by-0.5-mile pit is listed as a federal Superfund site with the potential to
' Y6 ]* T! r7 w% v$ }公仔箱論壇contaminate surrounding ground water, and,surprisingly, is also a tourist attraction, complete 7 u, r/ W# I) |& n
with gift shop and$2 admission fee.
, d8 z# s7 N" Z: f" E6 QThis photograph was taken Aug. 2, 2006, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station.www.tvboxnow.com# D: g- o9 j+ d* t1 H+ ]

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Escondida Mine, Chiletvb now,tvbnow,bttvb, z$ w# f, W. t6 f" c
The Escondida mine, opened in 1990 at 10,000 feet in northern Chile’s Atacama desert, currently produces
2 U. s& ?; ~  L9 r+ p7 B3 _) Htvb now,tvbnow,bttvbmore copper than any other mine in the world, with 1.5 million tons in 2007, worth more than $10 billion and + w) X3 r! F/ b! a1 `
representing nearly a tenth of world copper production. More than 6,000 people work at the mine.
" V0 v; S% S9 I6 Ntvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThis image was captured in 2000 by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer
. J0 i- i4 e7 b0 L# j公仔箱論壇aboard NASA’s Terra satellite.www.tvboxnow.com, e( m0 P3 C1 I8 p% R2 J

( O' D- b$ ]3 G0 b" \$ j公仔箱論壇) T1 m8 C. \: X. q2 |% Y# v% ]
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Bingham Canyon Mine, Utah
9 C2 V; {7 A" @* G, h+ X! h公仔箱論壇Located 20 miles outside Salt Lake City in the Oquirrh Mountains, the Bingham Canyon copper pit has produced * c& e  S$ K) M8 L+ e. _
more than 18million tons of copper over its lifetime, more than any other mine in the world. The pit is about 2.75 . K3 f' z& j' p  _1 [# V4 T; Y1 r
miles wide and 4,000 feet deep. Two Empire State buildings stacked one on top of the the other wouldn’t reach
7 Q* Q" X0 L% _0 STVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。the top. By 2015, the mine will be 500 feet deeper, and a third Empire State building will fit inside. The terraces tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb# c! k. Z( K2 K
inside the pit,which provide a base for the digging equipment and also stabilize the slopes, can be more than 80
$ ~; |8 _. a7 Qfeet high. Opened in 1904, the site has been named a historic landmark.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb- {, M' W& Y* \9 P* k
This photograph was taken Sept. 20, 2007, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station with a digital ; B: {, P, F/ K* v8 w- z! S
camera and an 800mm lens.
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8 a' ^1 \- U- n8 Atvb now,tvbnow,bttvbYuba River Goldfields, California.公仔箱論壇& n* A0 R7 ?* k6 r/ f4 V
The Yuba Goldfields are a strange culmination of years of pressure-jet mining for gold upstream in the Sierra Nevada,
2 H' Z; Q/ p1 R  E, k& t! O2 |tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbdredging the tailings out of the river, and mining the tailings for gold and then later for gravel. The result is an odd TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。. R5 p) h- b6 ^6 B. P! r$ M9 K& z
landscape of reddish-brown and gray hills of gravel with water-filled ravines in between.
' F# _% j( M: N% mShortly after gold was discovered in the Sierra Nevadain 1848, panning gave way to highly destructive hydraulic
+ y9 T5 m( u# z* m( |mining, which involves blasting sediment away with high-powered jets of water. Gold was extracted from the gravel,
. B" A0 {; P& ^! _tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbwhich was then dumped and carried downstream by rivers into the Sacramento Valley. The Yuba River ended up with
, n) J' d, l0 p% W7 htvb now,tvbnow,bttvb685 million cubic feet of the mine waste, which raised the level of the river, overflowed the banks and buried farms.
6 ~* F) m5 R' M- E8 @" jDredging of the Yuba began in 1893, and soon after,mining companies began to sift and re sift through the debris to www.tvboxnow.com7 A' D! b& K  m( n+ w
extract ever-smaller bits of gold. By 1970, all economically feasible gold removal had been completed, and mining of the
/ S' ~& q. {/ v5 X" Cgravel for concrete began. Today, ownership of the land is disputed among mining companies, private owners and the government.
0 e% G. G! l1 v# X; ytvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThis image was taken by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra satellite Aug. 29, 2001.
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Toquepala Copper Mine, Peru
1 N$ c' H' S/ r1 aLocated in the Andes Mountains in southern Peru, the Toquepala mine is 1.5 miles wide and 2,300 feet deep.
0 F8 ?2 e. f$ _: ~/ pThe mine’s main output is copper, but it also produces gold, silver and molybdenum. The railroad that was 公仔箱論壇7 o5 U- t# a& s$ `+ |. F: P
constructed to carry the ore 60 miles to the coast can be seen winding down a canyon left of the center, " r+ N6 t' ~; ]9 s5 W( o6 l
heading southwest from the mine. This image was captured by astronauts aboard the International Space
4 T+ l( b( z0 x  _& vTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Station on Sept. 22, 2003.
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Freeport Mine, Indonesia) V- Y. [* d- Y" v
The Freeport Mine, also known as the Grasberg complex,is a huge mining operation in Indonesia’s Sudirman 0 {. D/ l& k( }7 w4 o/ M6 |! _
Mountains. Copper was discovered here in 1936, and gold was first found in 1988. Today,the mine is one of
+ M' {6 i1 O+ s& X: rthe largest gold- and copper-extraction operations in the world. The open pit is 2.5 miles wide, and there is TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。% d# I4 A# @  f8 j2 A5 p
extensive underground mining in the area as well. Glaciers are also visible in the image.
) E% x7 r- R; Z* x5 K' gTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。This photograph was taken June 25, 2005, by astronauts on the International Space Station.
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- n' \0 n9 {# m$ u7 o, U3 {! }Cananea Mine, Mexico
) L( _; y: O" X% V$ K8 `& nThe Cananea mine is located 25 miles south of the United States border in Sonora, Mexico. The active Colorada www.tvboxnow.com1 Q6 P; S4 f6 ]! l: z
Pit in the upper right is 1.6 miles across. It is one of the largest copper producers in the world and also contains % d+ R1 x. q' ], x+ X5 V7 A; Z
gold. Those two metals are often found together where hot magma forced its way up into the overlying bedrock.
1 q7 d1 x; t; R# l& G6 q( l. P, v公仔箱論壇The magma crystallized there while hot fluids circulated through it and into fractures in the surrounding rock,altering
" ?) w! ?5 h4 a* Q/ zTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。the rock to produce copper-rich minerals and gold.公仔箱論壇: b. A8 L" o4 k/ A/ z
A 1906 miner’s strike at Cananea turned violent and resulted in 19 deaths, contributing to events that led to the
, M  _2 H& H8 n: J8 H7 l3 Ctvb now,tvbnow,bttvbMexican Revolution in 1910. Another strike stopped work at the mine in 2007.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb  `0 B% @3 n  `" X' C" m' n1 K
This image was taken by astronauts aboard the International Space Station on March 3, 2008.
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# T6 v+ ~7 L7 Y7 u/ O  d' y( xPhosphate Mines, Jordan
1 d7 ]9 W6 v' J' J5 Q6 J* DPhosphate mining is an important industry in Jordan,which has abundant deposits of the mineral on approximately 60
: f- W* F2 S) N" ]2 c3 v6 V7 K* dpercent of its territory. Phosphorus is essential to living things, and food can’t be produced without it. Some scientists
9 E5 i# Z* k  Ofear a shortage of this critical resource is impending and have predicted the world will reach “Peak Phosphorus,” the * O; }' g, h: F, _
point at which production will begin to decline, just 30 years from now. There is currently no synthetic alternative.8 n% ]; d5 z5 C: I
This image was capture by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra
7 \$ n3 A$ c9 }. U$ Fsatellite Sept. 17, 2005. It is a false-color composite of visible and infrared images. Vegetation appears red, water is www.tvboxnow.com' R3 Y/ m' g2 A
blue, and rock and soil can be anywhere from buff to black. The mining operation is the area just left of center in the
9 @. F$ n4 H* {$ d  ?: Klower part of the image that appears striped.
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New Cornelia Mine, Arizonawww.tvboxnow.com7 _  N/ L% Z' {$ U
Copper was first mined from this area just south of the mining town of Ajo, Arizona, around 1750. The open-pit mine pictured www.tvboxnow.com7 S' c2 M$ R5 Z- h. K7 @
above began being excavated in earnest in 1912. It was shut down in 1983 when the price of copper dropped. The scalloped tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb1 J% {! `' d; _% _! S; o
land just to the right of the mine is covered in tailings, and the large gray rectangles above that are containment ponds where
" h6 K' Q! I/ y7 o1 w* Qthe metal was extracted.
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Hambach Coal Mines, Germany
  h0 R# S6 G7 G' ^9 Rwww.tvboxnow.comThe bright white-and-dark-blue–striped areas on the right side of this image are opencast coal mines in mid western Germany. 公仔箱論壇$ ?8 S5 H* ]  Y9 _- j
One of the mines is currently being worked by the Bagger 293, the largest machine in the world.The bucket-wheel excavator
* g" ?7 ?, A$ O$ @+ B. z6 E( cis twice as long as a soccer field and a stall as a 30-story building, and digs up 30 million tons of lignite per year.www.tvboxnow.com9 M: ^9 E& B# U; Q1 g* J+ d
This image, captured by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer aboard NASA’s Terra satellite TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。4 E3 N2 ^* D. w% p/ [$ g
Aug. 26, 2000, is a simulated natural-color image. The bright-green rectangular patches are crops, the gray patches are
) B7 Y; }8 R7 c& h3 Ybare ground, and the bluish-gray areas are towns.