本帖最後由 bchew 於 2009-12-22 09:32 AM 編輯
& u; c9 K3 t6 R+ U. Uwww.tvboxnow.comtvb now,tvbnow,bttvb) E$ f. w- d8 Q8 g" K
 ; ^. O4 s9 Q/ g/ v% q
tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb& W+ x( @, T5 q D' a3 u
People have become significant earth movers, outpacing all sources of natural erosion. More and more
( k2 q% x; n0 k6 ]2 I/ [of our footprint can be seen from space in many forms, including cities, reservoirs,agriculture and
u3 _' Y# g# {TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。deforestation. Among the most impressive human scars on the planet are open-pit mines.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb8 v/ F- W. f5 V4 z% S: B* e# U
We’ve gathered some of the biggest, most spectacular and interesting mines, as captured by TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。* O" |0 T, X* ?
astronauts and satellites on the following pages.
' {7 i+ r. v; f) n, U! X mtvb now,tvbnow,bttvb
+ b) B2 U# j9 K9 pAbove: Berkeley Pit, Butte, Montana公仔箱論壇2 r2 K T4 v( n- L
This former copper mine operated between 1955 and 1982. Gold and silver were also mined.
6 I! w, i* c2 P C7 ]tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbAn elaborate system of pumps and drains kept the local water level low enough for mining.
S0 Q; G. x7 A1 I s2 ^% X7 C公仔箱論壇Today, the 1,780 foot-deep pit is filled with around 900 feet of very contaminated water filled
0 m, ^: A5 c% ?! rwith metals and chemicals such as arsenic, cadmium, pyrite, zinc,copper and sulfuric acid. The
' h/ n. W; R" @ A$ x公仔箱論壇water can be as acidic as battery acid,and copper can actually be “mined” directly from the water.www.tvboxnow.com/ c4 }+ Y) [) A# X4 X
Currently, the 1-mile-by-0.5-mile pit is listed as a federal Superfund site with the potential to TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。4 e/ D2 A" f7 D
contaminate surrounding ground water, and,surprisingly, is also a tourist attraction, complete
" s3 O; s' y- |% D: ~8 Z公仔箱論壇with gift shop and$2 admission fee.
6 A4 A9 z/ R6 M/ G% [4 CThis photograph was taken Aug. 2, 2006, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station.
% j3 Y0 T2 S* BTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。& f# J# c2 c. Y& |+ m* A
 6 ?8 a. m$ E7 l+ D9 ^
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。- _1 O3 v7 P1 M3 ]/ J3 k# b
Escondida Mine, Chiletvb now,tvbnow,bttvb2 t% b, q9 i+ x
The Escondida mine, opened in 1990 at 10,000 feet in northern Chile’s Atacama desert, currently produces ( N, q h6 J, L: |2 I
more copper than any other mine in the world, with 1.5 million tons in 2007, worth more than $10 billion and 公仔箱論壇$ D* Z- ]9 q" v- r
representing nearly a tenth of world copper production. More than 6,000 people work at the mine.www.tvboxnow.com9 J# J$ s$ Z; F; s2 L
This image was captured in 2000 by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer
0 T. A& M6 X& R* {6 H公仔箱論壇aboard NASA’s Terra satellite.
9 b+ t/ N( K: v2 _TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
% a* n" f+ F6 y9 z9 G6 \( Z( lwww.tvboxnow.com
! b* { }$ q C3 m5 b; n; ttvb now,tvbnow,bttvb. |+ s5 R" [; B/ ?
Bingham Canyon Mine, Utah
) l& S' O, I. y# m" g# D' Jwww.tvboxnow.comLocated 20 miles outside Salt Lake City in the Oquirrh Mountains, the Bingham Canyon copper pit has produced 公仔箱論壇; x: L0 f4 |9 H, ?0 i
more than 18million tons of copper over its lifetime, more than any other mine in the world. The pit is about 2.75
5 J4 \! n2 j) pTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。miles wide and 4,000 feet deep. Two Empire State buildings stacked one on top of the the other wouldn’t reach 公仔箱論壇& l+ ]7 W7 X' X4 B% S6 A1 ?0 ~- R
the top. By 2015, the mine will be 500 feet deeper, and a third Empire State building will fit inside. The terraces
3 Q r& c# N" i% p公仔箱論壇inside the pit,which provide a base for the digging equipment and also stabilize the slopes, can be more than 80 % g2 E% q7 [' z0 \6 U
feet high. Opened in 1904, the site has been named a historic landmark.
; n4 Z/ N. q) q S公仔箱論壇This photograph was taken Sept. 20, 2007, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station with a digital & s* G. n- _* S7 y4 W
camera and an 800mm lens.
% ?. v0 a W7 Ywww.tvboxnow.comwww.tvboxnow.com+ r% @: \* `; p+ N2 y
& ^" W* r# _% o( m0 H4 t' H0 `4 d+ J% X/ ?- ]
Yuba River Goldfields, California.www.tvboxnow.com- D; K( O! H7 w; M5 B8 P
The Yuba Goldfields are a strange culmination of years of pressure-jet mining for gold upstream in the Sierra Nevada,
* i4 s# W$ n7 j& |TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。dredging the tailings out of the river, and mining the tailings for gold and then later for gravel. The result is an odd tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb9 A9 `1 G: |0 L$ f5 c& d: h
landscape of reddish-brown and gray hills of gravel with water-filled ravines in between.6 q3 l2 h+ `; E' _! m
Shortly after gold was discovered in the Sierra Nevadain 1848, panning gave way to highly destructive hydraulic
1 B" }/ J$ e Q. vTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。mining, which involves blasting sediment away with high-powered jets of water. Gold was extracted from the gravel, ( m1 W: q' C0 q8 k! P# b5 v
which was then dumped and carried downstream by rivers into the Sacramento Valley. The Yuba River ended up with www.tvboxnow.com3 ]0 Z* G1 k) l
685 million cubic feet of the mine waste, which raised the level of the river, overflowed the banks and buried farms.9 q2 `# b0 x( }0 n8 ]" Q+ l/ F* s6 Q& ?
Dredging of the Yuba began in 1893, and soon after,mining companies began to sift and re sift through the debris to
+ ~- H: k9 O" M) btvb now,tvbnow,bttvbextract ever-smaller bits of gold. By 1970, all economically feasible gold removal had been completed, and mining of the www.tvboxnow.com/ T w& m" F9 w5 m5 {$ p/ s0 g
gravel for concrete began. Today, ownership of the land is disputed among mining companies, private owners and the government.
# ~: d6 _7 d* M; J7 q% b4 r# pTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。This image was taken by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra satellite Aug. 29, 2001.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。# `* c/ R: |! T) a+ b. v; r
7 p/ w* N4 b/ [- R3 {tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb 7 V4 [# l6 C0 f' M& @7 E
7 b; W [0 R! _8 ^) f
Toquepala Copper Mine, PeruTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。/ ~! j# @% P1 Z: C: k! N. R
Located in the Andes Mountains in southern Peru, the Toquepala mine is 1.5 miles wide and 2,300 feet deep.
" r2 y) O! Y7 e$ `3 m) k) a8 k: @The mine’s main output is copper, but it also produces gold, silver and molybdenum. The railroad that was TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。% U8 n) f2 G0 D; e5 x! I& ?
constructed to carry the ore 60 miles to the coast can be seen winding down a canyon left of the center, tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb2 e3 L& Z7 W* ]5 h
heading southwest from the mine. This image was captured by astronauts aboard the International Space
- p. @7 j: `- i& ?# LStation on Sept. 22, 2003.
" w3 U" {3 l# ^8 N1 o
; W+ z& C. f/ \6 R3 Dtvb now,tvbnow,bttvb
' q/ j @. O R. E9 ~' Stvb now,tvbnow,bttvb' X$ l- d8 X% Q0 o
Freeport Mine, Indonesia
% N& s* R- X( O/ L# k5 ewww.tvboxnow.comThe Freeport Mine, also known as the Grasberg complex,is a huge mining operation in Indonesia’s Sudirman
( ~) A8 G& ]" J2 y7 C1 R" i公仔箱論壇Mountains. Copper was discovered here in 1936, and gold was first found in 1988. Today,the mine is one of
" \/ T: \7 h2 T* b# w8 g& [the largest gold- and copper-extraction operations in the world. The open pit is 2.5 miles wide, and there is
) j6 V; B; i, d. ^# {; rwww.tvboxnow.comextensive underground mining in the area as well. Glaciers are also visible in the image.
; v. Y2 O9 I0 h3 C, w% L公仔箱論壇This photograph was taken June 25, 2005, by astronauts on the International Space Station.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb. Q, Y- r/ o, v/ W8 u
/ c3 Z0 ~4 U; S7 ^1 C4 y 公仔箱論壇! w7 {" d3 c$ p! }
7 T+ O1 y9 F" G5 _Cananea Mine, Mexico
! o8 n& U: P6 u公仔箱論壇The Cananea mine is located 25 miles south of the United States border in Sonora, Mexico. The active Colorada
; ~! Z6 v; J) mtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbPit in the upper right is 1.6 miles across. It is one of the largest copper producers in the world and also contains / w% z" k# J8 M' Y) J i+ U' u
gold. Those two metals are often found together where hot magma forced its way up into the overlying bedrock.
0 Y, i: g, ?8 ]5 l( r8 n" m' dtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThe magma crystallized there while hot fluids circulated through it and into fractures in the surrounding rock,altering
% h( f" _, V P- [2 M( |5 o! R3 Bthe rock to produce copper-rich minerals and gold.2 h/ U- F1 v( a5 m+ N
A 1906 miner’s strike at Cananea turned violent and resulted in 19 deaths, contributing to events that led to the
( v9 [( d4 F. {0 g7 @1 M- r1 ?www.tvboxnow.comMexican Revolution in 1910. Another strike stopped work at the mine in 2007.
7 F' r+ O4 p# h3 z, DThis image was taken by astronauts aboard the International Space Station on March 3, 2008.
' ]: W1 l9 w1 u/ e) S8 y8 i* Ywww.tvboxnow.comtvb now,tvbnow,bttvb" `% x- d3 Y$ Q; A/ ]; m- }
 公仔箱論壇, v5 H3 N6 P: V. z! m9 b1 w
9 Q1 k \- |& b
Phosphate Mines, Jordan公仔箱論壇( F; F1 ]' U$ A
Phosphate mining is an important industry in Jordan,which has abundant deposits of the mineral on approximately 60
5 u" E8 m& A1 _+ v/ `) F7 n4 npercent of its territory. Phosphorus is essential to living things, and food can’t be produced without it. Some scientists www.tvboxnow.com% w: c3 I8 p% q O- D
fear a shortage of this critical resource is impending and have predicted the world will reach “Peak Phosphorus,” the 0 v6 ], V$ y6 w
point at which production will begin to decline, just 30 years from now. There is currently no synthetic alternative.
3 t& i8 V" {& r$ H. y2 Q5 _www.tvboxnow.comThis image was capture by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra
+ ~2 J1 ^, A" V/ [3 x& @+ ^$ ~, Bsatellite Sept. 17, 2005. It is a false-color composite of visible and infrared images. Vegetation appears red, water is
( u4 \+ z8 J( WTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。blue, and rock and soil can be anywhere from buff to black. The mining operation is the area just left of center in the
0 n4 H4 F- F" O X. h公仔箱論壇lower part of the image that appears striped.
+ ~5 r7 i& ^* Z3 i+ h% [tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb
6 i3 l6 `5 o& |( I, Q/ o! _tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb 公仔箱論壇; y4 i$ |+ S$ f
3 V6 R5 w7 ^8 r; p* R: {5 Y
New Cornelia Mine, Arizona
# Z% E- _7 S8 h" T% [www.tvboxnow.comCopper was first mined from this area just south of the mining town of Ajo, Arizona, around 1750. The open-pit mine pictured
7 D% S2 u! h# G8 o1 `* q4 _$ Yabove began being excavated in earnest in 1912. It was shut down in 1983 when the price of copper dropped. The scalloped 9 D6 R( q( c7 m- n
land just to the right of the mine is covered in tailings, and the large gray rectangles above that are containment ponds where tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb, N4 b; o4 v* t6 P P
the metal was extracted.
0 a/ A z; c" {$ T5 O2 k4 lwww.tvboxnow.com
" H) S L) f( h$ @0 b
9 {0 @7 }% L+ n$ Z
- U! j4 K/ q1 j, u6 O2 R7 @; _9 h/ Z3 XHambach Coal Mines, Germany
" K# |) \5 `; h" F, k6 ttvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThe bright white-and-dark-blue–striped areas on the right side of this image are opencast coal mines in mid western Germany. 公仔箱論壇2 x x; B0 [: J
One of the mines is currently being worked by the Bagger 293, the largest machine in the world.The bucket-wheel excavator tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb; Y# n+ ^1 Q9 j; M* \) l a) }' [$ F
is twice as long as a soccer field and a stall as a 30-story building, and digs up 30 million tons of lignite per year.
4 z$ ^, h: o! v4 W+ v Ctvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThis image, captured by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer aboard NASA’s Terra satellite www.tvboxnow.com: y% q0 j$ B! A, Q Q) K" s
Aug. 26, 2000, is a simulated natural-color image. The bright-green rectangular patches are crops, the gray patches are TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。; n$ f2 A. W+ x- L
bare ground, and the bluish-gray areas are towns.
|
發表於 2009-12-22 09:24 AM
| 
