说到酸奶,每个人都不陌生。酸奶主要由牛奶制成。巴氏消毒后,将有益细菌(发酵菌)添加到牛奶中,发酵后形成乳制品。目前,市场上经常看到各种品牌的酸奶产品,其中大多数都是用各种果汁,水果块和其他辅助材料固化而成的。
根据酸奶加工制造商的说法,尽管酸奶的生产过程并不复杂,但是发酵过程需要较高的时间和温度,并且同时必须防止有害细菌的污染。
![](http://data:image/jpeg;base64,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)
作者了解到,保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌的混合物适合在约45°C的温度下生长和发酵。
如果是自制酸奶,就没有专业的发酵设备,发酵温度没有得到精确控制,加热不均匀,容易过度发酵或发酵不足,不能有效保证酸奶的天然风味。
值得注意的是,如果发酵环境容易受到外界环境的影响并繁殖出大量有害细菌,无疑将直接影响酸奶的质量和安全性。
在这方面,Paragon建议酸奶加工公司可以引入发酵罐进行酸奶发酵。由于发酵罐用于发酵酸奶,因此无需担心发酵温度的掌握不正确并影响酸奶粉的风味。
由于发酵罐配有温度控制系统,因此可以根据有益细菌适合发酵的温度精确设置。
另外,这种设备采用封闭式无菌系统,以防止外界有害细菌的污染,从而更好地保证酸奶发酵的质量。 |